Why Bonjour Hates my Wireless Network. Why Bonjour Hates my Wireless Network. Many of you know my struggle as of late to integrate all of my recently acquired Apple devices into my existing network. Many of you also know the frustration Ive had with this process and have been innocent passers by to my incessant twitter updates, rants and spontaneous bursts of misplaced anger. Here then, is my brief explanation of what the problem is, and why I nowafter too many rabbit hole adventures to listbelieve that I will not solve my problem without different equipment or a radical re design of my network. I should point out, by the way, that its not that Im a masochistreally Im notbut rather that in my studies I find it useful to have a lot of equipment lying around. That equipment inevitably works its way into my home network, and after some time I have a large and sometimes convoluted structure in place. In this case, however, the wireless is pretty far outside the scope of anything Ill deal with on the CCIE Routing and Switching Lab Exam, and was brought in specifically to support some future upgrades to my home wireless security, roaming Vo. IP phones, etc. The irony, as my wife so perfectly pointed out the other evening, is that if we just had a regular little wireless router like all the normal, non computer geek people our Apple devices would all work. If you havent read my previous posting on Bonjour, that might provide some more background but isnt, strictly speaking, necessary. Some understanding of Bonjour might be helpful, however, so very quickly, here it is Bonjour is Apples implementation of a service discovery protocol similar to Microsofts zero conf. It uses a couple of addresses to make things work, and it is the protocol behind Apples everything just works magic. If you want more than that, Google can offer you much deeper explanations. Bonjour uses two addresses, really, to do its work 2. The astute among you will notice that these are both link local addresses and so wont be forwarded by layer 3 devices even really, really broken ones at all. I had already been around the block with this once before, and so figured that because my wireless network was one broadcast domain thought I smugly everything would be all good. I was wrong. Now would be a good time to toss in a quick network diagram so that you can visualize what were talking about here. The drawing below is just the wireless portion of my network as it applies to what were discussing in this article. Rest assured, there is a lot more out there, but none of it is applicable to this situation. As you can hopefully see, we have a 2. ISR connected to a 2. APs connected at layer 2 to the switch. What might not be as obvious at first is that the Wireless Lan Controller you see at the upper right of the diagram is a module sitting in the 2. This is where the heart of evil apparently lies, but more on that in a minute. The access points are on VLAN 1. DHCP assignment from the 2. All VLANs are allowed everywhere for testing and no ACLVACLs or any other security outside of standard wireless is applied. Before anyone points out the obvious, by the way, I did reconfigure this arrangement to put the APs on the same VLAN as the WLC management interface, make that the native VLAN all the way through, and bridge the switch and router at layer 2 with BVI, just as a test to eliminate layer 3 boundaries. While interesting to do, that didnt solve the problem were having here. In fact, I didnt even notice the real problem location until I made this diagram who would have thought. The WLC modules that plug into a router, while running the same software and otherwise operating almost identically, are different in at least one key respect from their stand alone counterparts they cant communicate at layer 2 with the router. A standard controller say a 4. Top 10 Network Diagram Software for Automatically Creating topology diagrams presentations of your IT Infrastructure for your Home, Business and Datacenter. Map undocumented LAN networks as fast as possible using SolarWinds Network Topology Mapper. StepbyStep review and overview of this new automatic network mapping. Discovery Education helps incorporate gamebased learning into the classroom with puzzlemaker. Create a new puzzle now If I have no idea of the current network setup, and Im connected to the LAN is there any GUI that could possibly identify nodes visually or give me any sort of. VLANs are assigned than management. The integrated module, however, communicates with the host router across the backplane at layer 3. Looking back at the diagram, you can clearly see that drawn out. So no matter what I do with bridging from the radios, switch, router, etc., inevitably Ill have layer three separation between the radios and the controller. This is all well and good for most protocols, but not for link local multicast. I think I found every rabbit hole possible to get lost down, and proceeded to do just that. When I finally ran out of said holes to explore, kind folks on twitter that I respect and look up to sent me off in still more directions. I tried, in no particular order 1 Using Destination NAT to change the 2. Using Destination NAT to change the 2. Using helper maps4 Bridging everything under the sun to everything under the moon. No love because the backplane cant be bridged. I was going to even try GRE tunnels, DCI, or any other type of tunnel to move Layer 2 over Layer 3. At the end of the day, however, besides getting tired of the project, I decided that nothing was likely to work. Why Because one of the first things a layer 3 device does when it receives a packet is to decrement the TTL. So no matter what I do with NAT, or tunnels, or any other damned thing, the router will always decrement the TTL before it decides to pass the packet to some other service like DNAT, GRE, whatever, thereby discarding the packet before it ever reaches those processes. As far as I can tell today, this is unsolvable. Apple hates me, and others like me. Using a TTL of 1 as your method of locking down communications is pretty rock solid from a DRM viewpoint, but also very inflexible and heavy handed. Im going to put a portable 3. Direc. TV box, Apple TV and other entertainment devices so that they can share the i. Tunes library on my main computer, but Im not happy about it. I lose my shiny N connected coolness, and my i. Pad wont be able to control those devices. In addition, Ive had to hard set my wifes printer, since her Mac cant find it any more. The bottom line is that all of the auto configuration magic that Apple devices can have has gone away in my current set up. I could fix it by running a parallel wireless network using autonomous access points, or buy a cheap o wireless router, but then I have the other problem where I lose visibility and control, just to make a quirky system work. The only viable option, really, is to change out my WLC module for a stand alone controllerwhich I may do at some pointbut at this point Im tired and may just move on, defeated. Incoming search terms for the article.
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That sounds very exciting, but for small cities that arent used to hosting major sporting events, hosting that many people may put a strain on both infrastructure and resources. If youre planning on traveling to one of these viewing locations, there are a few concerns you should be aware of Traffic is going to be bad According to Citylab, gridlocks are expected for several days before and after the eclipse, and getting in and out of the towns could feel like a major evacuation. EMS, fire fighters, and police may be slower to respond than usual Though some cities are pulling in additional personnel and positioning them in key positions ahead of traffic, its still possible that emergency responders could get locked in and slowed down. So, if you are planning on making a trek out to one of the prime eclipse viewing locations or just live near one, make sure you give yourself plenty of time, drive carefully, and be aware of potential strains on infrastructure. Or you could just stay home and watch a livestream. Thats what Ill be doing. The Darker Side of This Summers Total Solar Eclipse Citylab. Torrentz Search Engine. Torrentz will always love you. Search torrents on dozens of torrent sites and torrent trackers. Unblock torrent sites by proxy. PirateBay proxy, Kickass unblocked and more torrent proxies. Left 4 Dead Xbox 360 Torrent Ntsc To Pal Ps2Watch32 Watch Movies on Watch32. com Watch32 is the Biggest Library of free Full Movies. Watch 32 Movies Online. Jogos de xbox 360 que voc encontra aqui no site lista de xbox 360 em ordem alfabtica lista atualizada 13042016 0 ao 9 007 blood stone xbox360. U. S. GAAP Chapter 3. Background. Statements of Financial Concepts SFAC. SFAC5 Recognition Measurement in Financial Statements. Guidance for expenses and losses in intended to recognize. Loss or Lack of Benefit losses recognized if it becomes evident taht prev recognized future benefits have been reduced. SFAC6 Elements of Financial Statements. Expenses outflows incurred in producing or other activities central to ongong operations. DAC. amortization of the cost, not the original cost that becomes the expense. Statements of Financial Accountnig Standards SFAS. SFAS6. 0 covers all contract except those reclassified by other standards. SFAS9. 7 covers most life and annuity products w account values. ULVULmost fixed def annuities and VA in teh accum stage. SFAS6. 0 w prems payable lt coverage period. SFAS9. 1 investment contracts defined in SFAS9. DAC for GICS, Funding Agreements DAs w minimal SC. 26 CFR 601. 204 Changes in accounting periods and in methods of accounting. Also Part I, 56, 61, 77, 118, 162, 163, 166, 167, 168, 171, 174, 179D, 194, 197. Accounting For Fixed Assets And Intangible Assets Home ArticlesAccounting for Fixed Assets and Intangible way to turn the fixed asset cost into expense. This is. 80. 01 General. This chapter addresses the accounting for financial assets and liabilities for which the accounting policies are not specified in other FAM chapters. SFAS1. 20 Par Trad. DAC amt of capitalized expenses remaining in balance sheet at any reporting date. Unamortized Aquisition Costs UAC, Def Pol Acq Cost DPAC, Unamort Expense Asset UEA and expense reserves. Categorization Stipulated by SFAS 6. P2. 6 maint expenses sb part of benefit reserve suggested. H. R. 4210 included a statutory provision for the amortization of acquired intangible assets that. capital accounting rules of. the amortization rules to. P2. 7 general expenes not related to acq sb expensed as incurred. P2. 8 acq costs acq of new renewal ins contracts. P 8. 3. 8 separate deferral for expenses w substantial future utility and recoverable from future revenues future utility expenses. Expense Category Asset or Liab Affected. Deferrable Acq DAC. Non Def Acq None. Direct Maint Benefit Reserve. Investment Expenses DAC Benefit Reserve. Future Utility Expense Unique Asset. Overhead None. Deferrable Acq Costs expenses considered to vary w and primarily relate to acq of new business. Non. Deferrable Acq Costs expenses associated w NB funtion that dont relate to or vary w securing of new policies. Vx factors, etc. Direct Maintenance Costs costs associated w maintaining records relating to ins contracts processing of premium collections commissions. Investment Expenses expenses properly chargable against inv income. Future Utility Expenses. AICPA SOP 9. 8 5. AICPA SOP 9. 8 1. Overhead aka indirect cost balancing item. Expense Categorization Under Other Pronouncements. SFAS9. 1 Investment Contracts. SFAS6. 0. SFAS9. SFAS6. 0. of premium expenses commis prem tax must be separated between deferrable acq and direct maint. P2. 3 2. 4 excludes from deferrable category acq costs that tend to be level or recurring maint expenses instead. Practice Bulletin 8 AICPA. P2. 5 identifies contract admin charges to be included in calc of EGPs as those from P2. SFAS9. 7 ex ult renewal comm adn recurring prem tax. SOP 9. 5 1 AICPA SFAS 1. Par policies. similar guidance as SFAS9. Line of Business and Category Analysisstudies must be done to allocate expense to 6 categories. LOB allocation first, group expenses by LOB, then to appropriate accounting model. Category determination costs assigned to appropriate category. Then some converted to unit basis to make calcs easier. Categorization. example in book illustrates allocations. Percentage of premium expense allocation. Allocations of Salary Other Expenses. EE benefits can use same allocation. EE pol inforce prem income. Distinction between Direct Maintenance and Overhead Expenses. SFAS9. 71. 20 policies level maint expenses can affect either benefit reserves or DAC. General Practice include entire direct maint costs in generating GAAP A L. Investment Expenses. LOB, easy to directly assign expenses. Inv Income and Expenses generally expressed as of underlying assets. GAAP. Selection of Units of Measurements Unitization of Expenses. Types of Per Unit Measures per policy, per current face amt, per unit issued, prem. DI claims adjustment expenses per claims paid. GAAP, need to develop expense assumptions for earlier years. LOB usually expensed too high and refined as necessary. SA products expenses associated w product should follow the product. Determination of Deferrability of Acquisition Costs. All expenses capitalized are subject to recoverability testing. F9. 7 products facts and circumstances of each case govern. DAC element. commission trailers usually considered maint. DAC. Expenses Similar to Commissions. Home Office Expenses. Are if closely related to selling. HO services in support of policy issue sales illustrations usually deferrable. Timing of Deferrabilityactuary should ensure that expense in reserve formula correlate to actual in financial statement. DAC incurred in financial statement. SFAS6. 0 P3. 1 estimated costs can be usded if difference not significant. Two general techniques. F6. 0 and limited pay F9. F9. 7 F1. 20 products easier to use direct input dollars. SFAS6. 0 P3. 1 i and II not significantly different. Commission Timing. Associated commission is re established as an asset aka equity in the unearned prem and is part of total DAC. Anticipation of Future Deferrable Expenses. DAC calc from the issue date forward ex heaped renewal commissions. Recoverability Testing and Loss Recognition. Authority and Definitions. SFAS6. 0 P3. 2 3. DAC to provide for probable future losses in a LOB reducing the chance of a loss emerging in the future. Recoverability whether a DACable expense is deferrable from exonomic perspective. PVGP PV Benefits Direct Maint Costs DAC Expenses. PADs and retest. Loss Recognition testing fro probable loss on entire LOB. LOB of existing business. Level of Aggregation for Testing. LOB inforce. guidance for groupings SFAS6. P3. 2. manner of acquiring major sales type direct vs agency. F6. 0 vs F9. 7. Gross Premium Valuation Test and teh Order of Adjustments to the Balance Sheet. GAAP net liabilities. GAAP net liab lt Gross Prem Valn, probable loss prem def difference. Gross Prem Reserve ASOP2. CF disbursements future CF receipts. F6. 0 sufficient margins for deviation removed until def eliminated. PADs for 9. 71. 20 so this step skipped. PADs until deficiency eliminated F6. PADs for F9. 71. DAC asset until deficiency eliminated. F6. 0 loss recognition occurs, revised assumptions locked in place, unless future loss recognition. Exclusion of Interest on Surplus from the Testing. GPV gross prem reserve net GAAP liab PV future GAAP book profits. Int on Surplus. Int for GPV traditionally level, but can be graded if that is Actuarys best estimate. GAAP losses in preiods of declining int rates. SAP problem because of IMR. Relation fo GAAP Expense Assumptions to Pricing Expense Assumptionsstart w same baseline expense assumptions. GAAP will have more aggregation. Special Expense Issues. Internal Replacements. DAC asset is NOT carried over from old contract to new contract SFAS9. P2. 6. SFAS6. 0 P3. DAC to obtain net capitalized position converse for assuming party. Purchase Acctg. VOBA Value of Business Acquired asset established at purchase. DAC even though pre purchase business not in VOBA. Discontinued Operations. APB3. 0 segregate infrequent transactoins from typical results. NOT be classified as a disposal trx. GPV measurement date indicates loss for block, provide for future losses. Worksheet Approaches to DAC Calcworks best w non commission acq expenses. Static Worksheets. DAC established. expected inforce schedule created using mortality and lapse rates. DAC may be behindahead depending on actual persistency. Dynamic Worksheets. F9. 71. 20 worksheet vs F6. EGP ro EGM instead of GP as amort basis. Copyright 2. 00. Steve Welander. Permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document. GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. Free Software Foundation. Invariant Sections, no Front Cover Texts, and no Back Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled. GNU Free Documentation License. Tattoo ideas grasscity ICSExtreme, ICSExtreme, admin 429 PM. Avira Cracked 2013 4 1500Foreign Exchange Option. Money Management. In finance, a foreign exchange option commonly shortened to just FX option or currency option is a derivative financial instrument that gives the right but not the obligation to exchange money denominated in one currency into another currency at a pre agreed exchange rate on a specified date. 1 See Foreign exchange derivative. The foreign exchange options market is the deepest, largest and most liquid market for options of any kind. Most trading is over the counter OTC and is lightly regulated, but a fraction is traded on exchanges like the International Securities Exchange, Philadelphia Stock Exchange, or the Chicago Mercantile Exchange for options on futures contracts. The global market for exchange traded currency options was notionally valued by the Bank for International Settlements at 1. For example, a GBPUSD contract could give the owner the right to sell December 3. 1. In this case the pre agreed exchange rate, or strike price, is 2. USD per GBP or GBPUSD 2. This type of contract is both a call on dollars and a put on sterling, and is typically called a GBPUSD put, as it is a put on the exchange rate although it could equally be called a USDGBP call. If the rate is lower than 2. December 3. 1 say 1. GBP at 2. 0. 00. 0 and immediately buy it back in the spot market at 1. GBPUSD 1. 9. 00. GBPUSD 1,0. 00,0. GBP 1. 00,0. 00 USD in the process. If instead they take the profit in GBP by selling the USD on the spot market this amounts to 1. GBP. Although FX options are more widely used today than ever before, few multinationals act as if they truly understand when and why these instruments can add to shareholder value. To the contrary, much of the time corporates seem to use FX options to paper over accounting problems, or to disguise the true cost of speculative positioning, or sometimes to solve internal control problems. The standard clich Options are typically portrayed as a form of financial insurance, no less useful than property and casualty insurance. Avira Cracked 2013 4 150lbThis glossy rationale masks the reality if it is insurance then a currency option is akin to buying theft insurance to protect against flood risk. The truth is that the range of truly non speculative uses for currency options, arising from the normal operations of a company, is quite small. In reality currency options do provide excellent vehicles for corporates speculative positioning in the guise of hedging. Corporates would go better if they didnt believe the disguise was real. Lets start with six of the most common myths about the benefits of FX options to the international corporation myths that damage shareholder values. Historically, the currency derivative pricing literature and the macroeconomics literature on FX determination have progressed separately. In this Chapter I argue the joint study of these two strands of literature and give an overview of FX option pricing concepts and terminology crucial for this interdisciplinary study. I also explain the three sources of information about market expectations and perception of risk that can be extracted from FX option prices and review empirical methods for extracting option implied densities of future exchange rates. As an illustration, I conclude the Chapter by investigating time series dynamics of option implied measures of FX risk vis a vis market events and US government policy actions during the period January 2. December 2. 00. 8. Chapter 2 This Chapter proposes using foreign exchange FX options with different strike prices and maturities to capture both FX expectations and risks. We show that exchange rate movements, which are notoriously difficult to model empirically, are well explained by the term structures of forward premia and options based measures of FX expectations and risk. Although this finding is to be expected, expectations and risk have been largely ignored in empirical exchange rate modeling. Using daily options data for six major currency pairs, we first show that the cross section options implied standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis consistently explain not only the conditional mean but also the entire conditional distribution of subsequent currency excess returns for horizons ranging from one week to twelve months. At June 3. 0 and September 3. Note, however, that the notional amount of Ridgeways hedging instrument was only Therefore, subsequent to the increase in the value of the pound which is assumed to have occurred on June 3. Ridgeways foreign currency exchange risk was not hedged. For the three month period ending September 3. Of that amount, only 5. The difference between those amounts 2,5. At June 3. 0, the additional U. S. dollar fair value of 4. At September 3. 0, using the spot rate of 0. Ridge way will exclude from its assessment of hedge effectiveness the portion of the fair value of the put option attributable to time value. That is, Ridgeway will recognize changes in that portion of the put options fair value in earnings but will not consider those changes to represent ineffectiveness. Aitan Goelman, the CFTCs Director of Enforcement, stated The setting of a benchmark rate is not simply another opportunity for banks to earn a profit. Countless individuals and companies around the world rely on these rates to settle financial contracts, and this reliance is premised on faith in the fundamental integrity of these benchmarks. The market only works if people have confidence that the process of setting these benchmarks is fair, not corrupted by manipulation by some of the biggest banks in the world. The Commission finalized rules to implement the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act regarding Regulation of Off Exchange Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions and Intermediaries. The Commission also finalized Conforming Changes to existing Retail Foreign Exchange Regulations in response to the Dodd Frank Act. Additional information regarding these final rules is provided below, including rules, factsheets, and details of meetings held between CFTC Staff and outside parties. Generally, retail customers are 1 individuals with less than 1. The enumerated counterparties who may lawfully conduct off exchange foreign currency trading with retail customers are regulated financial entities. These include, among others, FCMs and affiliates of FCMs. FCMs and their affiliates that are not also regulated as one of the other enumerated financial entities, remain subject to the Commissions anti fraud jurisdiction with respect to foreign currency transactions. This paper joins the vast literature on the forward premium puzzle by relating exchange rate returns to the stock and currency variance premiums measured as the option implied variance minus the expected or realized variance of stock and currency returns respectively. First, we empirically show that the foreign exchange forex variance risk is indeed priced in forex markets the currency variance risk premium is a useful predictor of the exchange rate return, especially at a medium 6 month horizon. Then, we document a finding that the stock variance risk premium can also predict the exchange rate return at a short 1 month horizon. Thus, currency and stock variance risk premiums seem to contain differential information content for the exchange rate return. This is confirmed by the fact that stock and currency variance premiums are poorly correlated with each other and by the evidence that the currency variance premium is not a useful predictor for local stock market returns. As required by the Commodity Exchange Act, the rule includes requirements for conducting retail forex transactions with respect to disclosure, recordkeeping, capital and margin, reporting, business conduct, and documentation. The requirements are similar to a recently enacted Commodity Futures Trading Commission CFTC rule governing retail forex transactions by CFTC registrants. The final rule was published in the Federal Register on July 1. The final rule is effective on July 1. National banks that were engaged in a retail forex business prior to July 1. August 1. 4, 2. 01. Currency Option Definition Investopedia. What is a Currency Option A currency option is a contract that grants the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specified currency at a. Foreign exchange option Wikipedia. Foreignexchangeoption. May We All Be As Chill As This Very Chill Cat. And dont get clever with thematic or personally meaningful passwords. 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